With development, most children move beyond the assumption that behavior is exclusively due to individual conduct and character to an understanding that institutional practices also play a role in facilitating or undermining functioning. I have studied students’ understanding of fairness, epistemology, and motivation as each pertains to critical issues within school settings. Despite my initial expectation that these were fairly independent topics, children and adolescents see a convergence I had not anticipated. My research suggests that students coordinate these forms of social knowledge in their understanding of how schools ought to function. Students’ knowledge of schools as institutions along with their relational ties and personal motives are combined in a force I refer to as civil engagement that drives their classroom performance.